Word formation Problems for discussion

Word formation Problems for discussion Plan: Different points of view to the study of conversion. The study of conversion on the diachronic level and on the synchronic level. The most common types of conversion. The connection of derived and underlying word in converted pairs. Word formation Problems for discussion W o r d - F o r m a t i o n is the system of derivative types of words and the process of creating new words from the material available in the language after certain structural and semantic formulas and patterns. For instance, the noun driver is formed after the pattern v+-er, i.e. a verbal stem +-the noun-forming suffix -er. The meaning of the derived noun driver is related to the meaning of the stem drive- 'to direct the course of a vehicle' and the suffix -er meaning 'an active agent': a driver is 'one who drives' (a carriage, motorcar, railway engine, etc.). Likewise compounds resulting from two or more stems joined together to form a new word are also built on quite definite structural and semantic patterns and formulas, for instance adjectives of the snow-white type are built according to the formula п+а, etc. It can easily be observed that the meaning of the whole compound is also related to the meanings of the component parts. The structural patterns with the semantic relations they signal give rise to regular new creations of derivatives, e.g. sleeper, giver, smiler or soat-blасk, tax-free, etc. In conformity with structural types of words described above1 the following two types of word-formation may be distinguished, word-derivation and wordcomposition (or compounding). Words created by word-derivation have in terms of word-formation analysis only one derivational base and one derivational affix, e.g. cleanness (from clean), to overestimate (from to estimate), chairmanship (from chairman), openhandedness (from openhanded), etc. Some derived words have no derivational affixes, because derivation is achieved through conversion 2, e.g. to paper (from paper), a fall (from to fall), etc. Words created by word-composition have at least two bases, e.g. lamp-shade, ice-cold, looking-glass, daydream, hotbed, speedometer, etc. Within the types, further distinction may be made between the ways of forming words. The basic ways of forming words i n w o r d - d e r i v a t i о n , for instance, are a f f i x a t i o n and c o n v e ...