Computer software

MINISTRY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND COMMUNICATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN TASHKENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES UNIVERSITY KARSHI BRANCH INDEPENDENT WORK Theme: Computer Software PREPARED BY: Computer Software Computer hardware is useless without software. Software is the set of instructions and associated data that direct the computer to do a task. Software can be divided into two categories: system software and application software. System software helps the computer to carry out its basic operating tasks. Application software helps the user carry out a variety of tasks. The major types of software Application software Hardware System software System Software Operating Systems Schedules computer events Allocates computer resources Monitor events Application Software Programming languages Assembly language FORTRAN, BASIC, PL1 PASCAL, C 4th generation languages Users Language translators Interpreters Compilers Utility programs Routine operations (e.g. sort, list, print) Manage data (e.g. create files, merge files System Software Manages the fundamental operations of the computer, such as - loading programs and data into memory, executing programs, saving data to disks, displaying information on the monitor, and transmitting data through a port to a peripheral device. System software: operating systems, utilities, device drivers. Operating System Collection of computer programs that control the interaction of the user and the computer hardware. Responsible for directing all computer operations and managing all computer resources. Controls basic input and output, allocates system resources, manages storage space, maintains security, and detects equipment failure. A part of the operating system code is stored in a ROM and the rest of it resides on a disk. Loading the operating system into memory is called booting the computer. Responsibilities of an Operating System Communicate with user, receive and execute commands, show error messages. Manage allocation of memory, processor time and other resources. Collect input from keyboard, mouse, and provide data to running programs. Convey program output to screen, printer, or other output device. Access data from secondary storage. Write data to secondary storage. Maintains security (checks user-name , password, virus infection) Virus Virus = unscrupulous programmers deliberately construct harmful programs (called viruses) that instruct your program to perform destructive activities, such as erasing a disk drive. Virus protection software = Computer users can protect their computers by using virus protection software. How it protects? Virus protection software searches executable files for the sequences of characters that may cause harm and disinfects the files by erasing or disabling those commands. Operating System: ...