Uzbekistan a model of reforms and democratization

Presentation The role of state in conducting reforms in Uzbekistan: liberalization of political and judicial systems as a main direction of formation legal democratic state Uzbekistan: a model of reforms and democratization Geographical location and borders - Territory - 447,400 sq. km (53rd place in the world) - Length of borders - 6,221 km - Plain area - 78 % - Mountain area - 22 % - Double landlocked country Main priorities outlined by the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted in December 1992 promoting values of democracy and secular civil society, protection of human rights, creation of a socially oriented free market economy. The tasks of paramount importance Creation of the political, legal and constitutional foundations of a new state system; Consolidation of a new system of economic and social relations; Reform of state bodies, both central and local; Change people's mentality, strengthen the values of democracy in their mind, statute obedience, to achieve the reign of laws Difficult starting conditions of Uzbekistan for implementation of reforms: Industries were primarily oriented to provide raw materials and intermediate products which were concentrated in cities, while rural areas accounted for more than 60% of Uzbekistan's population; The share of small businesses in GDP in 1991 was only 1%; Growing of the only one agricultural crop - cotton, which accounted for 75% of arable land; Arable land in Uzbekistan accounts for only 10% of the total territory of the republic (447,400 square kilometers). Arable land per capita: in Uzbekistan - 0.17 hectares; in Kazakhstan - 1.54; in Kyrgyzstan - 0.26; in the Ukraine - 0.59 in Russia - 0.67 One of the largest ecological problems in the world - the Aral Sea drying The excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers leaded to pollution of surface and underground water. Infantile death becomes one of the highest in the world. In former USSR Uzbekistan occupied one of the last places in terms of living standards. In 1990 aggregated income of about 70% of population of the republic was lower than minimum of subsistence. Human Development Index in 1990 Demographic Trends (population in mln.) Double-landlocked position of Uzbekistan Principles of State Development and Economic Reforms in Uzbekistan Priority of economy over policy Government is the major reformer during transition period to market economy Superiority of law Strong social policy is a constituent element of market economy Stage-by-stage reformation Key tasks of economic reforms ...