Organik birikmalarning reaksion qobiliyati. Organik reaksiya turlari

O'ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI SOG'LIQNI SAQLASH VAZIRLIGI TOSHKENT TIBBIYOT AKADEMIYASI TIBBIY VA BIOLOGIK KIMYO KAFEDRASI Fan: KIMYO, BIOLOGIK VA MOLEKULAR BIOILOGIYA Mavzu: «ORGANIK BIRIKMALARNING REAKTSION QOBILIYATI ORGANIK REAKSIYA TURLARI» 7-MA'RUZA TOSHKENT - 2016 1. Ma'ruza mashg'ulotida ta'lim texnologiyasi modeli Ma'ruza mashg'ulotining texnologik xaritasi 3. MA'RUZANING REZYUMESI: «ORGANIK BIRIKMALARNING REAKSION QOBILIYATI. ORGANIK REAKSIYA TURLARI » Tabiiy moddalarning termodinamik barqarorligi va u bilan bog'liq bo'lgan kimyoviy faolligi ularning tuzilishi, tarkibidagi o'rinbosarlar tabiati va ularning o'zaro ta'siri bilan bog'liq. Bu ta'sir natijasida molekulada elektron bulutning qayta taqsimlanishi yuz berib, moddalarda ta'sirlanish va aromatiklik, elektron effektlar kuzatiladi. Organik reaksiyalarning yo'nalishini bilish uchun organik molekuladagi reaksion markazlarni aniqlashni o'rganish kerak bo'ladi. Bu ishni bajarish uchun esa molekuladagi o'rinbosarlar tabiati, ularning elektron effektlari, reagentlar tabiatini bilish zarur. Shuning uchun ma'ruzada o'rinbosarlar, ularning tabiati va turlari, ularning molekulada namoyon qiladigan induktiv va mezomer elektron effektlari, ta'sirlanish turlari, aromatiklik qoidalari ko'riladi. Moddalarning kimyoviy xossalari ko'p xolatlarda ularning kislotaligi va asosligi bilan ham bog'liq bo'ladi. Ko'pchilik moddalarning organizm muhitida mavjud bo'lishi aynan shu xossalari bilan bog'liqdir. Shu munosabat bilan ushbu ma'ruzada kislotalar va asoslarning Brensted va Lyuis nazariyalari ham ko'riladi. Reaksion qobiliyatiga yarasha organik moddalar turli hil reaksiyalarga kirishadi. Shu reaksiya turlaridan biri organism faoliyatida yuz beradigan oksidlanish-qaytarilish reaksiyalaridir. Taklif etilayotgan ma'ruzada beriladigan ma'lumotlar kelgusida, odam organizmining metabolizmni biokimyoviy jarayonlarini o'rganish uchun kerakli poydevor bo'lib hizmat qiladi. MUTUAL INFLUENCE OF ATOMS AND WAYS OF TRANSMISSION OF ATOMS INFLUENCE IN ORGANIC SUBSTANCES. INTERFACING AND AROMATICITY. ACIDITY AND ALKALISITY OF ORGANIC COMPAUNDS. Thermodynamic stability and connected with him chemical activity of the natural organic substances are connected with their structure, with presence in their molecule the deputies, with their nature and their mutual influence of each other, which is expressed in redistribution of electronic density, manifestation in molecule the phenomena of the interfacing and aromaticity. The skill to predestine the direction of organic chemical reactions in a lot is connected with knowledge of defining the reactionary centres in molecule of organic substance with accounting the chemical nature of deputies, their electronical effects, also nature of the reagents. Therefor in this lecture are considered: types of functional groups, also rendered by them inductive and mesomeric electronic effects, types of the interfacing, in particular π-π and и π-р interfacing, principles of aromaticity, (presence the flat cycle, united π - electronic system, Hukkel's rule). Chemical properties of the organic substances depends in a lot from acidity and alkalicity of organic molecule. These properties, often defines the ...