Chemical potential. The third law of thermodynamic

REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN MINISTRY OF HEALTH TASHKENT PHARMACEUTICAL INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF Inorganic, analytic, physic and colloid chemistry on physic and colloid chemistry SELF STUDY SUBJECT: chemical potential. The third law of thermodynamic Done by: Mavlyanova Rukhsxona I.P. 11 Checked by: Rahmatullayeva M. Tashkent -2016. Plan: 1 Overview 2 Thermodynamic definitions o 2.1 Dependence on concentration (particle number) o 2.2 Dependence on temperature and pressure 3 Applications 4 History 5 Electrochemical, internal, external, and total chemical potential 6 Systems of particles o 6.1 Chemical potential of electrons in solids o 6.2 Sub-nuclear particles Chemical potential In thermodynamics, chemical potential, also known as partial molar free energy, is a form of potential energy that can be absorbed or released during a chemical reaction. It may also change during a phase transition. The chemical potential of a species in a mixture can be defined as the slope of the free energy of the system with respect to a change in the number of moles of just that species. Thus, it is the partial derivative of the free energy with respect to the amount of the species, all other species' concentrations in the mixture remaining constant, and at constant temperature. When pressure is constant, chemical potential is the partial molar Gibbs free energy. At chemical equilibrium or in phase equilibrium the total sum of chemical potentials is zero, as the free energy is at a minimum.[1][2][3] In semiconductor physics, the chemical potential of a system of electrons at a temperature of zero Kelvin is ...